Penerapan Hukuman Mati di Indonesia perspektif Maqasid al-Shari’ah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15642/mal.v5i1.198Keywords:
hukum pidana, kejahatan, hukum, peradilan pidanaAbstract
Abstract: The death penalty is one of the oldest penalties in the world that is still in force today, and Indonesia is no exception. Even so, the imposition of the death penalty still causes controversy. Based on this, this article discusses the application of the death penalty in Indonesia from the perspective of maqasid al-shari'ah. This research is normative. Data was collected from laws and regulations and journal articles. The collected data were analyzed descriptively with the theory of maqasid al-shari'ah. This study concluded that the death penalty is still applied in Indonesia in several criminal acts, including narcotics, premeditated murder, rape and corruption, and others. From the perspective of maqasid al-shari'ah, the application of the death penalty is in harmony with hifz al-nafs (preserving the soul) in drug crimes, premeditated murder, and rape because these crimes endanger one's health, hurt the victim or take one's life. The death penalty is also aligned with hifz al-mal (safeguarding property) in the criminal act of corruption because the perpetrator has seized state property. In addition, the death penalty is also in harmony with hifz al-'aql (maintaining reason) for drug offenders. The death penalty in Indonesia is based on applicable rules and judges' legal considerations at trials based on strong evidence and testimony. The punishment is applied to gain benefit and refuse harm.
Keywords: Death penalty, legal, judicial, criminal, maqasid al-shari'ah.
Abstrak: Hukuman mati merupakan salah satu hukuman tertua di dunia yang masih diberlakukan sampai saat, tidak terkecuali di Indonesia. Meski begitu, pemberlakuan hukuman mati masih menimbulkan kontroversi. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka artikel ini membahas tentang penerapan hukuman mati di Indonesia dalam perspektif maqasid al-shari’ah. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian normatif. Data dikumpulkan dari peraturan perundang-undangan dan artikel jurnal. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan teori maqasid al-shari’ah. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa hukuman mati masih diterapkan di Indonesia dalam beberapa tindak pidana, di antaranya tindak pidana narkotika, pembunuhan berencana, pemerkosaan dan korupsi dan lainnya. Dalam perspektif maqasid al-shari’ah, penerapan hukuman mati selaras dengan hifz al-nafs (menjaga jiwa) dalam tindak pidana narkotika, pembunuhan berencana, pemerkosaan karena tindak pidana tersebut membahayakan kesehatan seseorang, menyakiti korban atau menghilangkan nyawa seseorang. Hukuman mati juga selaras dengan hifz al-mal (menjaga harta) dalam tindak pidana korupsi karena pelaku telah merampas harta negara. Selain itu hukuman mati juga selaras dengan hifz al-‘aql (menjaga akal) bagi pelaku tindak pidana narkoba. Diterapkan hukuman mati di Indonesia didasarkan pada aturan yang berlaku dan pertimbangan hukum hakim di persidangan berdasarkan pembuktian dan persaksian yang kuat. Diterapkan hukuman tersebut untuk mendapatkan kemaslahatan dan menolak kemadaratan.
Kata kunci: Hukuman mati, hukum, peradilan, pidana, maqasid al-shari’ah.
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