Zakat sebagai Instrumen Kebijakan Fiskal Pemerintah di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15642/mal.v2i4.84Abstract
Abstract: The poverty rate in Indonesia based on data submitted by Berly Martawardaya increased in March 2020 by 0.56% from the previous year. This condition is exacerbated by reports that social assistance distributed to deal with the impact of Covid-19 is not on target. The state was experiencing material losses and poverty alleviation programs that were never fully achieved. This research is literature research using qualitative methods where the data is presented narratively and focuses on the description of directions. The problems involved in this research are Economic problems that have arisen due to Covid-19, the concept of zakat in Islamic economics, the benefits and role of zakat as an instrument of government fiscal policy on macroeconomics in Indonesia new average period. The study results concluded that due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the state budget was a deficit. In Islamic economics, zakat is a source of state income, but in the Indonesian government, zakat is not included in the state budget. Zakat has a significant role and benefit as an instrument of the Indonesian government's fiscal policy, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Keywords: Covid-19, macroeconomics, zakat, fiscal policy.
Abstrak: Angka kemiskinan di Indonesia berdasarkan data yag disampaikan oleh Berly Martawardaya meningkat di bulan Maret 2020 sebesar 0,56% dari tahun sebelumnya. Kondisi tersebut diperparah dengan adanya laporan terkait bantuan sosial yang disalurkan untuk menangani dampak Covid-19, tidak tepat sasaran. Implikasi yang diterima negara akhirnya berujung pada kerugian materiil dan program pengentasan kemiskinan yang tidak pernah tercapai secara maksimal. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pustaka dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dimana data disajikan secara naratif dan menitik beratkan arah deskripsi. Fokus permasalahan yang terkait dalam penelitian ini adalah: Permasalahan ekonomi yang muncul disebabkan oleh Covid-19, konsep zakat dalam ekonomi Islam, manfaat dan peranan zakat sebagai instrumen kebijakan fiskal pemerintah terhadap ekonomi makro di Indonesia di masa new normal. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa akibat pandemi covid-19, APBN terancam defisit. Dalam perspektif ekonomi Islam, zakat termasuk sumber pendapatan negara namun dalam pemerintah Indonesia zakat tidak masuk APBN. Zakat memiliki peranan dan manfaat besar sebagai instrument kebijakan fiskal pemerintah Indonesia, khususnya pada masa pandemi covid-19.
Kata kunci: Covid-19, ekonomi makro, zakat, kebijakan fiskal.
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